Heart - main organ of the circulatory system
Atrium - large muscular upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle
Valves - flap of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle or in a vein that prevents back flow of blood.
Pulmonary arteries - pathway in which the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
Veins - a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
Plasma - straw colored fluid that makes up about 55 percent of blood; consists of about 90% water and about 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products an plasma proteins.
Pharynx - muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity or throat that connect the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food.
Trachea - windpipe; tube through which air moves
Ventricles - thick walled lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart
Pulmonary circulation - pathway in which the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs.
Systemic circulation - pathway in which the left side of the heart pumps blood to all of the body except the lungs.
Aorta - large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs
Arteries - large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
Capillaries - smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products
Hemoglobin - iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body.
Lymph - fluid lost by the body into surrounding tissue
Platelet - cell fragment released by bone marrow
Larynx - structure in the throat containing the vocal cords
Bronchus - passageway leading from the trachea to a lung
Alveolus - tiny air sac at the end of the bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur
Diaphragm - large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that contracts during breathing, pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down and increasing its volume.
Saturday, April 23, 2011
Chapter 37 Assessment
Chapter 37 Assessment: 1-10, 11-13, 27, 30,
1) d
2) a
3) b
4) b
5) b
6) a
7) c
8) a
9) a
10) c
11) system in which blood is contained w/in a network of blood vessels
12) Pulmonary circulation is the pathway in which the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs whereas systemic circulation is pathway in which the left side of the heart pumps blood to all of the body except the lungs.
13) The human circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them. As the blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels, arteries, capillaries and veins.
27) The blood vessel would become blocked and eventually explode. It would cut off blood from the heart and the patient would die.
30) B/c the blood is only flowing in one direction
1) d
2) a
3) b
4) b
5) b
6) a
7) c
8) a
9) a
10) c
11) system in which blood is contained w/in a network of blood vessels
12) Pulmonary circulation is the pathway in which the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs whereas systemic circulation is pathway in which the left side of the heart pumps blood to all of the body except the lungs.
13) The human circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them. As the blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels, arteries, capillaries and veins.
27) The blood vessel would become blocked and eventually explode. It would cut off blood from the heart and the patient would die.
30) B/c the blood is only flowing in one direction
Chapter 37 Circulatory System notes
The human circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels and the blood that flows through them.
Your heart is located hear the center of your chest. It is composed almost entirely of muscle. The hard is enclosed in protective tissue called pericaridum. In the walls of the heart there are two thin layers of epithelial and connective tissue that form a sandwich around a thick layer of muscle called the myocardium. The powerful contractions of the myocardium pump blood through the circulatory. Dividing the right side of the heart from the left side is the septum or wall. The septum prevents the mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen rich blood. On each side of the septum are two chambers. The upper chamber which receives the blood is called the atrium. The lower chamber which pumps blood out of the heart is the ventricle.
The heart functions as two separate pumps . The right side of the heart pumps blood from the heart to the lungs. The left side pumps out of the lungs and into the left side and then out to the body. This pathway is called systemic circulation. Blood that returns to the right side of the heart is oxygen poor because cells have absorbed much of the oxygen and loaded the blood with carbon dioxide. t this point, it is ready for another trip to the lungs.
As blood flows through the circulatory system, ti moves through three types of blood vessels - arteries, capillaries, and veins.
Red blood cells transport oxygen. They get their color from Hemoglobin. It is the iron containing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body where oxygen is released.
White blood cells, or leukcocytes are fewer than red blood cells. For every 700 red blood cells, there is just one white blood cell. White blood cells attack foreign substances or organisms.
Blood clotting is made possible by plasma proteins and cell fragments called platelets. There are certain large cells in bone marrow that bread into thousands of small pieces. Each fragment of cytoplasms is enclosed in a piece of cell membrane and released into the bloodstream as a platelet.
A network of vessels called the lymphatic system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system. The fluid is called lymph. It collects in lymphatic capillaries and slowly flows into larger and larger lymph vessels. Like large veins, lymph vessels contain valves that prevent lymph from flowing backward. Ducts collect the lymph and return it to the circulatory system through two openings in the superior vena cava. The openings are under the left and right clavicle bones just below the shoulders.
Your heart is located hear the center of your chest. It is composed almost entirely of muscle. The hard is enclosed in protective tissue called pericaridum. In the walls of the heart there are two thin layers of epithelial and connective tissue that form a sandwich around a thick layer of muscle called the myocardium. The powerful contractions of the myocardium pump blood through the circulatory. Dividing the right side of the heart from the left side is the septum or wall. The septum prevents the mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen rich blood. On each side of the septum are two chambers. The upper chamber which receives the blood is called the atrium. The lower chamber which pumps blood out of the heart is the ventricle.
The heart functions as two separate pumps . The right side of the heart pumps blood from the heart to the lungs. The left side pumps out of the lungs and into the left side and then out to the body. This pathway is called systemic circulation. Blood that returns to the right side of the heart is oxygen poor because cells have absorbed much of the oxygen and loaded the blood with carbon dioxide. t this point, it is ready for another trip to the lungs.
As blood flows through the circulatory system, ti moves through three types of blood vessels - arteries, capillaries, and veins.
Red blood cells transport oxygen. They get their color from Hemoglobin. It is the iron containing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body where oxygen is released.
White blood cells, or leukcocytes are fewer than red blood cells. For every 700 red blood cells, there is just one white blood cell. White blood cells attack foreign substances or organisms.
Blood clotting is made possible by plasma proteins and cell fragments called platelets. There are certain large cells in bone marrow that bread into thousands of small pieces. Each fragment of cytoplasms is enclosed in a piece of cell membrane and released into the bloodstream as a platelet.
A network of vessels called the lymphatic system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system. The fluid is called lymph. It collects in lymphatic capillaries and slowly flows into larger and larger lymph vessels. Like large veins, lymph vessels contain valves that prevent lymph from flowing backward. Ducts collect the lymph and return it to the circulatory system through two openings in the superior vena cava. The openings are under the left and right clavicle bones just below the shoulders.
Active Art Assessment
Print out this page, and complete the table below by briefly describing each type of freely movable joint.
Name: __________Mary Di Valerio__________________________
Date: _____4/23/11_____________
Class: __________________
Date: _____4/23/11_____________
Class: __________________
| Type of Joint | Type of Movement | Examples in the Body |
| Ball-and-socket | circular | arm/shoulder |
| Hinge | back and forth | knee |
| Pivot | side to side | neck |
| Saddle | in many directions | thumb |
Answer the following questions.
- What is a joint? place where one bone fixes to another
- Where in the body can you find fixed joints? Where bones such as vertebra meet
- What are ligaments? strong, flexible tissue that connect
- What connects bone to muscle? tendons
- How do bones and muscles work together to allow movement?
- joints allow for controlled movement
Week 4 Bio Vocab Quarter 4
Periosteum - tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone
Haversian canals - one of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves
Bone Marrow - soft tissue inside cavities within bones; two types are yellow marrow and red marrow
Cartilage - strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bones
Ossification - process of bone formation during which cartilage is replaced by bone
Joint - place where one bone attaches to another
Ligaments - strip of tough connective tissue in a joint that holds bones together.
Skeletal muscle - striated muscle that is usually attached to the skeleton and is usually under voluntary control
Smooth muscle - involuntary muscle tissue in the walls of viscera and blood vessels, consisting of nonstriated, spindle-shaped cells.
Cardiac muscle - a specialized form of striated muscle occurring in the heartsof vertebrates.
Tendons - . a cord or band of dense, tough, inelastic, white,fibrous tissue, serving to connect a muscle with a bone orpart; sinew.
Epidermis - outer layer of skin
Keratin - tough, fibrous protein found in skin
Melanin - dark brown pigment found in skin
Haversian canals - one of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves
Bone Marrow - soft tissue inside cavities within bones; two types are yellow marrow and red marrow
Cartilage - strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bones
Ossification - process of bone formation during which cartilage is replaced by bone
Joint - place where one bone attaches to another
Ligaments - strip of tough connective tissue in a joint that holds bones together.
Skeletal muscle - striated muscle that is usually attached to the skeleton and is usually under voluntary control
Smooth muscle - involuntary muscle tissue in the walls of viscera and blood vessels, consisting of nonstriated, spindle-shaped cells.
Cardiac muscle - a specialized form of striated muscle occurring in the heartsof vertebrates.
Tendons - . a cord or band of dense, tough, inelastic, white,fibrous tissue, serving to connect a muscle with a bone orpart; sinew.
Epidermis - outer layer of skin
Keratin - tough, fibrous protein found in skin
Melanin - dark brown pigment found in skin
Chapter 36 Assesment
Chapter 36 Assessment: 1-9, 11, 13, 16, 28, 30
1) d
2) c
3) a
4) a
5) a
6) b
7) c
8) c
9) d
11) Spongy tissue, periosteum, compact bone and blood marrow
13)
1) d
2) c
3) a
4) a
5) a
6) b
7) c
8) c
9) d
11) Spongy tissue, periosteum, compact bone and blood marrow
13)
16. Smooth muscles line internal organs and control involuntary movements. Skeletal muscle has to do with voluntary movements. Cardiac muscle has to do w/ the heart.
28) The first picture, because the bone has only begun to form.
30) It would have to include a base skeletal system, a joint where it would bend and soft tissue to act as muscle.
Muscles! Chapter 36-2 Notes
More than 40% of the body's mass is muscle. There are three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Each one has a different structure/purpose.
Skeletal muscles are usually attacked to bones. They are responsible for voluntary movements. It is also called striated muscle. Most of them are controlled by the central nervous system.
Skeletal muscles are long and thin. Smooth muscles are usually not under voluntary control. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart.
A muscle contracts when the thin filaments in the muscle fiber slide over thick filaments.
The energy for muscle contraction is supplied by ATP.
Skeletal muscles are usually attacked to bones. They are responsible for voluntary movements. It is also called striated muscle. Most of them are controlled by the central nervous system.
Skeletal muscles are long and thin. Smooth muscles are usually not under voluntary control. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart.
A muscle contracts when the thin filaments in the muscle fiber slide over thick filaments.
The energy for muscle contraction is supplied by ATP.
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