Disease - any change, other than an injury that disrupts the normal functions of the body
Pathogens - disease causing agent, such as a bacterium or fungus
Germ theory of disease - idea that infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms or germs
Koch's Postulates - series of guidelines used to identify the microorganisms that causes a specific disease
Vectors - animal that carries disease causing organisms from person to person
Antibiotics - specialized protein that helps destroy disease causing organisms
Inflammatory response - nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection
Fever - elevated body temperature that occurs in response to infection
Interferons - one of a group of proteins that help cells resist viral infection
Immune Response - the body's specific defenses that attack a disease causing agent
Vaccination - injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce immunity
Active Immunity - immunity produced by a vaccine so called because the body has the ability to mount an active immune response against the pathogen
Allergies - overreaction of the immune system that results when antigens bind to mast cells
Showing posts with label bio vocab. Show all posts
Showing posts with label bio vocab. Show all posts
Tuesday, May 24, 2011
Chapter 40 Assesment
1-6, 10, 11-12, 15, 22, 25, 28, 36
1) a
2) c
3) b
4) d
5)a
6) d
10) c
11) That infectious diseases are caused by micro-organisms called germs.
12) If a pathogen can be identified then perhaps it can be prevented or cured.
15) Wash your hands!
22) The antibodies in your system die out
25) One is infected with cancer-like properties, one is harmless and stagnant.
28) Did the end justify the means? Perhaps... Of course, we don't know the entire situation.
36) Heat is used to kill germs.
1) a
2) c
3) b
4) d
5)a
6) d
10) c
11) That infectious diseases are caused by micro-organisms called germs.
12) If a pathogen can be identified then perhaps it can be prevented or cured.
15) Wash your hands!
22) The antibodies in your system die out
25) One is infected with cancer-like properties, one is harmless and stagnant.
28) Did the end justify the means? Perhaps... Of course, we don't know the entire situation.
36) Heat is used to kill germs.
Monday, May 23, 2011
Vocab! Chapter 39
Puberty - period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional
Follicles - cluster of cells surrounding a single egg in the human female reproductive system
Ovary - the female gonad that produces eggs
Uterus - organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop
Corpus Luteum - name given to a follicle after ovulation because of its yellow color
Menstrual cycle - cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized egg.
Placenta - organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother.
Fetus - name given to human embryo after eight weeks of development
Follicles - cluster of cells surrounding a single egg in the human female reproductive system
Ovary - the female gonad that produces eggs
Uterus - organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop
Corpus Luteum - name given to a follicle after ovulation because of its yellow color
Menstrual cycle - cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized egg.
Placenta - organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother.
Fetus - name given to human embryo after eight weeks of development
Saturday, April 23, 2011
Chapter 37 Vocab
Heart - main organ of the circulatory system
Atrium - large muscular upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle
Valves - flap of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle or in a vein that prevents back flow of blood.
Pulmonary arteries - pathway in which the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
Veins - a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
Plasma - straw colored fluid that makes up about 55 percent of blood; consists of about 90% water and about 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products an plasma proteins.
Pharynx - muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity or throat that connect the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food.
Trachea - windpipe; tube through which air moves
Ventricles - thick walled lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart
Pulmonary circulation - pathway in which the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs.
Systemic circulation - pathway in which the left side of the heart pumps blood to all of the body except the lungs.
Aorta - large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs
Arteries - large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
Capillaries - smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products
Hemoglobin - iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body.
Lymph - fluid lost by the body into surrounding tissue
Platelet - cell fragment released by bone marrow
Larynx - structure in the throat containing the vocal cords
Bronchus - passageway leading from the trachea to a lung
Alveolus - tiny air sac at the end of the bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur
Diaphragm - large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that contracts during breathing, pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down and increasing its volume.
Atrium - large muscular upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle
Valves - flap of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle or in a vein that prevents back flow of blood.
Pulmonary arteries - pathway in which the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
Veins - a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
Plasma - straw colored fluid that makes up about 55 percent of blood; consists of about 90% water and about 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products an plasma proteins.
Pharynx - muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity or throat that connect the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food.
Trachea - windpipe; tube through which air moves
Ventricles - thick walled lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart
Pulmonary circulation - pathway in which the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs.
Systemic circulation - pathway in which the left side of the heart pumps blood to all of the body except the lungs.
Aorta - large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs
Arteries - large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
Capillaries - smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products
Hemoglobin - iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body.
Lymph - fluid lost by the body into surrounding tissue
Platelet - cell fragment released by bone marrow
Larynx - structure in the throat containing the vocal cords
Bronchus - passageway leading from the trachea to a lung
Alveolus - tiny air sac at the end of the bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur
Diaphragm - large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that contracts during breathing, pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down and increasing its volume.
Week 4 Bio Vocab Quarter 4
Periosteum - tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone
Haversian canals - one of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves
Bone Marrow - soft tissue inside cavities within bones; two types are yellow marrow and red marrow
Cartilage - strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bones
Ossification - process of bone formation during which cartilage is replaced by bone
Joint - place where one bone attaches to another
Ligaments - strip of tough connective tissue in a joint that holds bones together.
Skeletal muscle - striated muscle that is usually attached to the skeleton and is usually under voluntary control
Smooth muscle - involuntary muscle tissue in the walls of viscera and blood vessels, consisting of nonstriated, spindle-shaped cells.
Cardiac muscle - a specialized form of striated muscle occurring in the heartsof vertebrates.
Tendons - . a cord or band of dense, tough, inelastic, white,fibrous tissue, serving to connect a muscle with a bone orpart; sinew.
Epidermis - outer layer of skin
Keratin - tough, fibrous protein found in skin
Melanin - dark brown pigment found in skin
Haversian canals - one of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves
Bone Marrow - soft tissue inside cavities within bones; two types are yellow marrow and red marrow
Cartilage - strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bones
Ossification - process of bone formation during which cartilage is replaced by bone
Joint - place where one bone attaches to another
Ligaments - strip of tough connective tissue in a joint that holds bones together.
Skeletal muscle - striated muscle that is usually attached to the skeleton and is usually under voluntary control
Smooth muscle - involuntary muscle tissue in the walls of viscera and blood vessels, consisting of nonstriated, spindle-shaped cells.
Cardiac muscle - a specialized form of striated muscle occurring in the heartsof vertebrates.
Tendons - . a cord or band of dense, tough, inelastic, white,fibrous tissue, serving to connect a muscle with a bone orpart; sinew.
Epidermis - outer layer of skin
Keratin - tough, fibrous protein found in skin
Melanin - dark brown pigment found in skin
Monday, April 4, 2011
Vocabulary of Chapter 35
Specialized cells - cells designed to do specific tasks
Epithelial tissues - tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs
Muscle tissue - tissue that controls the internal movement of materials in the body, as well as external movement of the entire body or body parts.
Homeostasis - process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Sensory receptors - neuron that reacts directly to light, sound or other stimuli by sending impulses to to other neurons and eventually to the central nervous system
Rods - photo-receptor in eye that is extremely sensitive to light
Cones - in gymnosperms, a seed-bearing structure in the retina of the eyes, a photo-receptor that responds to light of different colors, producing color vision
Pupil - small opening in the middle of the iris through which light enters the eye
Connective tissues - tissue that holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together.
Nervous tissue - tissue that receives messages from the body's external and internal environment, analyzes the data and directs the response.
Feedback Inhibition - process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
Neuron - cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system
Lens - transparent object behind the iris that changes shape to help adjust the eye's focus to see near or distant objects
Retina - innermost layer of the eye
Cochlea - fluid filled part of the inner eye, sends nerve impulses to the brain through the cochlear nerve
Semicircular canals - one of the three structures within the inner ear that help an organism maintain balance.
Taste buds - sense organs that detect the flavor of a substance
Epithelial tissues - tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs
Muscle tissue - tissue that controls the internal movement of materials in the body, as well as external movement of the entire body or body parts.
Homeostasis - process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Sensory receptors - neuron that reacts directly to light, sound or other stimuli by sending impulses to to other neurons and eventually to the central nervous system
Rods - photo-receptor in eye that is extremely sensitive to light
Cones - in gymnosperms, a seed-bearing structure in the retina of the eyes, a photo-receptor that responds to light of different colors, producing color vision
Pupil - small opening in the middle of the iris through which light enters the eye
Connective tissues - tissue that holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together.
Nervous tissue - tissue that receives messages from the body's external and internal environment, analyzes the data and directs the response.
Feedback Inhibition - process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
Neuron - cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system
Lens - transparent object behind the iris that changes shape to help adjust the eye's focus to see near or distant objects
Retina - innermost layer of the eye
Cochlea - fluid filled part of the inner eye, sends nerve impulses to the brain through the cochlear nerve
Semicircular canals - one of the three structures within the inner ear that help an organism maintain balance.
Taste buds - sense organs that detect the flavor of a substance
Sunday, April 3, 2011
Chapter 34 Vocabulary
Behavior - the way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment
Stimulus - any kind of detectable signal that carries information
Response - single, specific reaction to a stimulus
Innate Behavior - instinct or inborn behavior; behavior that appears in a fully functional form the first time it is preformed.
Learning - alterations in behavior as a result of experience
Habituation - learning process by which an animal decreases or stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards nor harms it
Classical Conditioning - learning process in which an animal makes a mental connection between a stimulus and some kind of reward or punishment
Operant conditioning - learning process in which an animal learns to behave in a certain way through repeated practice, in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment' also called trial and error learning
Insight learning - also called reasoning; learning process in which an animal applies something it has already learned to a new situation without a period of trial and error
Imprinting - learning based on early experience; once imprinting has occurred, the behavior cannot be changed
Migration - periodic movement and return of animals from one place to another
Circadian rhythm - behavioral cycle that occurs in a daily pattern
Courtship - type of behavior in which an animal sends out stimuli, such as sounds, visual displays or chemicals, in order to attract a member of the opposite sex
Territory - specific area occupied and protected by an animal or group of animals.
Aggression - threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another
Communication - passing of information from one organism to another
Language - system of communication that combines sounds, symbols or gestures according to a set of rules about word order and meaning.
Stimulus - any kind of detectable signal that carries information
Response - single, specific reaction to a stimulus
Innate Behavior - instinct or inborn behavior; behavior that appears in a fully functional form the first time it is preformed.
Learning - alterations in behavior as a result of experience
Habituation - learning process by which an animal decreases or stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards nor harms it
Classical Conditioning - learning process in which an animal makes a mental connection between a stimulus and some kind of reward or punishment
Operant conditioning - learning process in which an animal learns to behave in a certain way through repeated practice, in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment' also called trial and error learning
Insight learning - also called reasoning; learning process in which an animal applies something it has already learned to a new situation without a period of trial and error
Imprinting - learning based on early experience; once imprinting has occurred, the behavior cannot be changed
Migration - periodic movement and return of animals from one place to another
Circadian rhythm - behavioral cycle that occurs in a daily pattern
Courtship - type of behavior in which an animal sends out stimuli, such as sounds, visual displays or chemicals, in order to attract a member of the opposite sex
Territory - specific area occupied and protected by an animal or group of animals.
Aggression - threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another
Communication - passing of information from one organism to another
Language - system of communication that combines sounds, symbols or gestures according to a set of rules about word order and meaning.
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
Biology Vocab
Mammary Glands - gland in mammals that produces milk to nourish the young
Subcutaneous fat - layer of fat cells beneath the skin
diaphragm - large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that contracts during breathing, pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down and increasing its volume
Cerebral cortex - outer layer of the cerebrum of a mammal's brain' center of thinking and other complex behavior.
Monotremes - egg laying mammal
Marsupials - mammal that bears live young that complete their development in an external pouch
Placenta - organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother.
Hominoid - member of a group of primates that includes apes and humans
Homind - primate that walks upright, has opposite thumbs, and possesses a large brain, only living members are humans.
Subcutaneous fat - layer of fat cells beneath the skin
diaphragm - large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that contracts during breathing, pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down and increasing its volume
Cerebral cortex - outer layer of the cerebrum of a mammal's brain' center of thinking and other complex behavior.
Monotremes - egg laying mammal
Marsupials - mammal that bears live young that complete their development in an external pouch
Placenta - organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother.
Hominoid - member of a group of primates that includes apes and humans
Homind - primate that walks upright, has opposite thumbs, and possesses a large brain, only living members are humans.
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
BIO VOCAB
Vascular Tissue - type of plant tissue specialized to conduct water
Roots - underground organ in plants that absorbs water and minerals
Leaves- photosynthetic organs that contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue
Stems - supporting structure that connects roots and leaves and carries water and nutrients between them
Nodes- point on a stem where a leaf is attached
Buds-plant structure containing undeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves.
Pollen Cones-cone in gymnosperms that produces male gametophytes in the form of pollen grains
Seed Cones- cone that produces female gametophytes
Ovules-structure in seed cones in which female gametophytes
Pollen tubes-structure grown by a pollen grain; contains two haploid sperm nuclei
Sepal-outermost circle of flower parts that enclose a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing.
Petal- brightly-colored structure just inside the sepals' attracts insects and other pollinators to a flower
Stamen- male part of the flower, made up of an anther and a filament
Filament- a long thin structure that supports an anther
Anther- flower structure in which haploid male gametophytes are produced
Carpel- innermost part of a flower that produces the female gametophytes
Ovary- in plants, a flower structure that contains one or more ovules from which female gametophytes are produced
Style- narrow stalk of the carpel in a flower
Stigma- sticky portion at the top of the style where pollen grains frequently land
Embryo sac- female gametophyte within the ovule of a flowering plant
Endosperm- food-rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows
Double fertilization- fertilization in angiosperms i which two distinct fertilization events take place between the male and female gametophytes
Dormancy- period of time during which a plant embryo is alive but not growing
Germination-early growth stage of a plant embryo
Roots - underground organ in plants that absorbs water and minerals
Leaves- photosynthetic organs that contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue
Stems - supporting structure that connects roots and leaves and carries water and nutrients between them
Nodes- point on a stem where a leaf is attached
Buds-plant structure containing undeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves.
Pollen Cones-cone in gymnosperms that produces male gametophytes in the form of pollen grains
Seed Cones- cone that produces female gametophytes
Ovules-structure in seed cones in which female gametophytes
Pollen tubes-structure grown by a pollen grain; contains two haploid sperm nuclei
Sepal-outermost circle of flower parts that enclose a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing.
Petal- brightly-colored structure just inside the sepals' attracts insects and other pollinators to a flower
Stamen- male part of the flower, made up of an anther and a filament
Filament- a long thin structure that supports an anther
Anther- flower structure in which haploid male gametophytes are produced
Carpel- innermost part of a flower that produces the female gametophytes
Ovary- in plants, a flower structure that contains one or more ovules from which female gametophytes are produced
Style- narrow stalk of the carpel in a flower
Stigma- sticky portion at the top of the style where pollen grains frequently land
Embryo sac- female gametophyte within the ovule of a flowering plant
Endosperm- food-rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows
Double fertilization- fertilization in angiosperms i which two distinct fertilization events take place between the male and female gametophytes
Dormancy- period of time during which a plant embryo is alive but not growing
Germination-early growth stage of a plant embryo
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