Vocab - Chapter 38

Chapter 38 Vocab

Calorie – amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree.

Carbohydrate – compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body.

Fat – lipid, made up of fatty acids and glycerol

Protein – macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to makeup enzymes.

Vitamin – organic molecule that helps regulate body processes

Mineral – inorganic nutrient the body needs, usually in small amounts

Amylase – enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds between he sugar monomers in starches

Esophagus – food tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Peristalsis – rhythmic muscular contracts that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach.

Stomach – large muscular sac that continues the mechanical digestion of food

Chime – mixture of stomach fluids and food produced in the stomach by contracting muscles.

Small Intestine – digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place

Pancreas – gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar, enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, and sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid.

Liver – large organ just above the stomach that produces bile, a fluid loaded with lipids and salts.

Villi – folded projection that increases the surface area of the walls of the small intestine

Large Intestine – colon, organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass throughout